Definition of Bullying
Definition:
Bullying is intentional aggressive behavior. It can take the
form of physical or verbal harassment and involves an imbalance of power (a
group of children can gang up on a victim or someone who is physically bigger
or more aggressive can intimidate someone else, for instance).
Bullying behavior can include teasing, insulting
someone (particularly about their weight or height, race, sexuality, religion
or other personal traits), shoving, hitting, excluding someone, or gossiping about
someone.
Bullying can cause a victim to
feel upset, afraid, ashamed, embarrassed, and anxious about going to school. It
can involve children of any age, including younger elementary grade-schoolers
and even kindergarteners. Bullying behavior is frequently repeated unless there
is intervention.
Bullying
prevention is the collective effort to prevent, reduce, and stop bullying. Many
campaigns and events are designated to bullying prevention throughout the
world. Bullying prevention campaign and events include: Anti-Bullying Day, Anti-Bullying Week, International Day of Pink,International STAND UP to Bullying Day, and National Bullying Prevention Month.
In
schools
School connectedness is the positive relationship between
students, teachers, administrators, and educational support professionals.
Studies have shown that bullying programs set up in schools with the help and
engagements of staff and faculty have been shown to reduce peer victimization
and bullying.[83] Incidences of bullying are
noticeably reduced when the students themselves disapprove of bullying.[84]
Research indicates that methods such as increasing awareness,
instituting zero tolerance for fighting, or placing troubled students in the
same group or classroom are ineffective in reducing bullying while other
measures, including increasing empathy for victims, adopting a program with a
"whole school" approach, which includes all teachers, students, and
parents, and student-led anti-bullying efforts, have shown significant progress
and success.[10]
A review of research regarding anti-bullying efforts in schools
summarizes the most successful ways:[85]
·
Everyone
in the school must change, not only the identified bullies.
·
Intervention
must begin in early grades.
·
Evaluation
of the programs in place is critical since some programs may increase bullying
rather than reduce it.
A
bully may project his/her own feelings of vulnerability onto the target(s) of
the bullying activity. Despite the fact that a bully's typically denigrating activities
are aimed at the bully's targets, the true source of such negativity is
ultimately almost always found in the bully's own sense of personal insecurity
and/or vulnerability.[55] Such aggressive projections of displaced negative emotions
can occur anywhere from the micro-level of interpersonal relationships, all the
way up through to the macro-level of international politics, or even
international armed conflict.
Bullying
is abusive social interaction between peers which can include aggression,
harassment, and violence. Bullying is typically repetitive and enacted by those
who are in a position of power over the victim. A growing body of research illustrates a
significant relationship between bullying andemotional intelligence (EI). Mayer et al., (2008) defines the dimensions of overall EI as:
"accurately perceiving emotion, using emotions to facilitate thought,
understanding emotion, and managing emotion".[57] The concept combines emotional and intellectual processes.[58] Lower emotional intelligence appears to be related to
involvement in bullying, as the bully and/or the victim of bullying. EI seems
to play an important role in both bullying behavior and victimization in bullying; given that EI is illustrated to be malleable, EI
education could greatly improve bullying prevention and intervention
initiatives.
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